Arc-lamp.



E. 0. DWORAK.

ARG LAMP.

APPLIATION FILED JULY 1B, 1906. Patented Nov. 17

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E. 0. DWORAK.

ARC LAMP.

APPLIUATION FILED JULY 16,1996.

Patented Nov. 17, 1908.

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ABU LAMP.

PPLIATIUN FILED JULY 16,-19064 904, 1 85 Patented Nov. 17, 1908y BSHBETS-SHEET 3.

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EDWARD O. DWORAK, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

ARC-LAMP.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 17, 1908.

Application led July 16, 1906. Serial No. 326,337.

To all whom it 'may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD O. DWORAK, citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvelncnt in Arc-Lamps, of which the following' is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates to are lamps, more particularly to regulating and adjusting means therefor and has for its object the provision of an electric lamp of this kind in which there will be a steady and constant feed of the carbons and in which the various parts are so constructed and relatively arranged that they may be readily adjusted so as to secure etlicient operation.

My invention provides an arc lamp in which the carbons are inclined toward each other, and it provides a construction whereby the arc across the carbons may be constantly kept substantially the same size, and it further provides means whereby the carbons may be fed toward each other according to their consumption.

In the are lamp of my invention the are is kept in a constant position and is not liable to be shifted from side to side, this desirable feature being accomplished by the employment of a simple structure, as hereinafter described.

Broadly my invention provides a mechanism which controls the position of the carbons which in turn is controlled by an electromagnetic device whereby the carbons may be kept in proper position to cause the proper are, and it provides further a separate means for feeding the carbons, this separate means being brought into action by the closure of an electrical circuit by the action of a thermostatic device, affected by the heat caused by the are across the carbons.

My invention will be more readily understood by referring to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is an elevation view of the are lamp of my invention with the outer casing removed. Fig. 2 is a detail view on a larger scale, showing the mechanism for feeding the carbone which will be hereinafter exlained. Fig. 3 is a side view of the mechan ism shown in Fig. 2. Fi 4 isa sectional view on the line 4-4 o Fig. 2. Fig. 5 shows a thermostatic device which may be employed. Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line 6 6 of Fig. 2. Fig. 7 is a lon tudinal section of the electromagnetic evice. Figs. 8 and 9 are detail views which will be hereinafter referred to and Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic view of the circuit arrangements which will be explained.

Secured to the housing 11 are a pair of brackets l2, 12 to which are pivoted at 13,13 the carbon supporting tubes 14, 14. Figs. 2 and 3, the latter of which is partly in section, show this supportin tube in detail. Within the tube is arranged to slide the supporting sleeve 15 which, as is shown in detail in Figs. 8 and 9, consists of two tubes which are slotted as is shown in Fig. 9 so as to give them expansive elasticity to support itself within the tube 14 and to hold by means of the inner tube 15 the carbon rod as is clearly shown in Fig. 3. A toothed projection 1G extends from the outer tube of the carbon support 15 and is placed -proximate to a slot 17 in the tube 14. Mounted in the bearings 1S, 18 which are secured to the tube 14 is the ratchet rod 18 which is disposed so that it will register with the slot 17 in the tube 14. It may be noted here in passing that the constructions of the two carbon supporting tubes and their associated mechanisms are precisely alike.

The ratchet rod 18 is provided with a slot 19 in which pin 20 which is supported in the bearin s 18 is adapted to ride. This slot, as will be hereinafter described, limits the motion of the ratchet rod 18. At the upper end of the ratchet rod 18 is pivoted at 21 the cam follower 22 which in turn is mounted on the secured pivot 23. The cam follower engages the cam 24 and is held in such engagement by means of a spring 25 which is secured thereto and to the frame piece 26. The cam 24 is ivoted at 27 in the frame piece 26 and a rate et wheel 28 is also pivoted at 27 and is adapted to move with the cam 24. Mounted upon the supporting block 29, forming a part of the tube 14 is the electromagnetic step by ste mechanism 30 iwhich consists essentially o the electromagnets 31, 31 and the armature 32 adapted to be controlled thereby and mounted upon the tube 33 which slides upon the rod 34, extending from the supporting block 29. A coil spring 35 is disposed about the rod 34 between the supporting block and a flange portion on the tube whereby the armature may normally be held in its retracted posicuit will be broken at 37.

tion. A spring pawl 36 is secured to the tube and is adapted to engage the ratchet wheel 28, as is clearly shown in Fig. 2. A spring pawl 3(3 is provided to prevent back motion of the ratchet 28, upon retraction of the armature 32.

As will be hereinafter described, the circuit arrangement which contains the electromagnets 81 is such that the circuit is broken at the armature contact when the armature is attracted and is made when the armature is retracted. It is evident that when a circuit is closed through the electromagnets, the armature will be attracted and the cir- This will cause a series of reciprocations of the tube 33 whereby the ratchet wheel 28 will be stepped about until the circuit through the electromagnets is opened. rlhe cam 24 is divided into a plu rality of sections whereby the follower 32 may be made to swing about its pivot 23 according to the cam surfaces, a predetermined number of times for each revolution on the ratchet wheel. It is evident that a f revolution of the cam in the direction of the arrow 38 will cause a rise in the arm 22 and a corresponding downward movement of the arm 22 whereby the ratchet rod or bar may be lowered a predetermined distance according to the drop in the cam surface. The ratchet rod 18 is provided with a plurality of teeth 3U which are adapted to engage the tooth 1G in the carbon supporting sleeve 15, as is clearly shown in Fig. 3. It is evident that a downward movement of the ratchet bar will cause a corresponding downward movement of the supporting sleeve 15 by reason of the engagement of these teeth with the tooth 1G on the sleeve 15. The return of the ratchet bar to its upper position will not affect the sleeve 15, because the tooth 1G is of spring material and will be forced out of the path of the teeth by its engagement with each successive tooth. It will be hereinafter described with reference to the circuit arrangement how the electromagnetic device 30 is operated to cause the downward movement of the ratchet rod when the earbons have been partly consumed. It is evident now that the carbon may be fed downwardly as is needed to retain the arc, in a simple and eflicient manner. This construction, it is apparent, is not liable to be disarranged and therefore will be reliable in its action to feed the carbons according to necessity as they are consumed. When it is desired to insert a new carbon in the supporting sleeve 15, the ratchet rod is drawn down its entire distance limited to the length of the slot 19 by means of the chain or cord 40 which is secured to a boss 41 on the ratchet rod and which extends downwardly through an opening in a partition 42 so that it may be reached by the operator. The uppen part of the s ot 19 1s slanted, as is clearly shown in Fig. 3 so that when the ratchet bar is drawn down its entire distance, it will be moved laterally away from the tube 14 so that when the sleeve 15 is raised within the tube 14 upon the insertion of a new carbon, the tooth 1G will not engage any of the teeth 35). The pin 20, however', will not ride iu this slanting por tion of the slot during its movement. when caused alone by the action of the cam follower 22.

A tube 41 is secured to a bushing 42 at the lower end of the tube 14 and is of such size that the carbon 43 may fit snugly therein. At the lower end of this tube 41 is disposed the thermostatic device 42 which may be of that class as is shown in Figs. 2 and (l. In these figures the thermostatic device is shown to be a bulb of refractory material which contains a quantity of mercury or other easily expansive liquid and which when heated will expand to electrically connect with a contact point so as to close a circuit as will be hereinafter described. In Fig. G the bulb of refractory material is shown at 43 and the mercury at 44. Permanent connection to the mercury is shown at 45 and the contact piece is shown at 4G. In Fig. 5 I have shown a. modification which may be advantageously employed in my device. devices wherein two metals of different expansive properties are secured together, one of which being a contact spring m an electrical circuit is placed proximate to a conA tact piece 47. Upon the heating of these metals, their unequal expansion will cause the movement of the contact. Therefore, it will be forced into contact with the Contact piece 47. The contact spring is shown at 4S and the other material secured thereto is shown at 49. As the carbon is consumed, the are moves upwardly and consequently toward the thermostatic device whereby the same is heated to cause the closure of this Contact and the consequent operation of the step by step mechanism whereby the carbon is fed downwardly as hereinbefore stated. The carbons and their supporting tubes eX- tend downwardly as is clearly shown in Fig. l through an opening 48 in the partition` wall 42 which may be of fire brick, porcelain or other similar material. A globe 50 may be provided and supported as is shown in Fig. 1.

In order that the distance between the car bons may be adjusted so that the proper are may be maintained, I provide the following construction. Supported by the housing by means of the braces 51 is the closed tube 52 which forms a core for the electromagnetic coil 53. An armature 54 adapted to be drawn into the tube upon the energization of the solenoid is supported from the dashpot piston 55 which as is clearly shown in Fig. 7 reciprocates in the dash-pot 52. This This is of that class of thermostatic construction prevents a sudden movement of the armature and the mechanism connected therewith and secures steady and positive movement and adjustment of the carbon supporting tube. The armature 54; is provided at this lower end with the rod 56 which is adapted to slide in the bearing 5l), extending dianietrically across the housing, secured at the sides by means of the screw 57.57. The lower end of the rod 55 has threaded e11- gagement with the cross piece 5S, and. lock nuts 59, 59 are provided to secure the cross piece 58 in any desired position upon the rod 55. Pivoted at GO and Gl to the cross piece 58 are the links G2 and 63 respectively, the other ends of which are pivotcd at (la and G5 respectively to thc arms GG and 67 extending from the tubes 14. This construction is clearly shown in Fig. l. The extensions (3G and ($7 are provided with a plurality of holes GS. GS to any of which, pivots (34s and G5 may be applied. This construction in addition to the construction which admits of the adjustable dispositon of the cross piece 58 on the rod 55 secures the adjustability of the operating parts connected therewith, whereby the proper operation of the arc producing means may be properly maintained.

In order that the arc may be made more eliicient, a magnetic field may be introduced at the point of the arc, to blow it downward and outward and to keep the are from creeping upward along the inner sides of the carbons, whereby the arc is maintained at the ends of the carbons. This magnetic field may be established by means of electromagnets G9 and 70 secured to the housing as shown in F ig. l and provided with the cores S0 and Sl respectively. These cores extend forwardly from the eleetromagnets and then downwardly toward the carbon tips where they may be adjusted into position and secure the proper magnetic field relative to the position of the arc.

Referring now to Fig. 10, 1 have shown a source of current at 82 and a switch at 83 for connecting same to the line limbs 84 and 85. Although it is not essential, I prefer to connect the arc lamps of my construction in series, and I have shown the circuits of each arc lamp so connected, the individual are lamp circuits being indicated by X and Y respectively. The series coil of the electromagnet is shown at 53 and is connected in series with the carbons as is well known in the art. At 53 I have shown an oppositely wound coil which is connected in shunt of the earbons to be cut into and out of the circuit by means of the electromagnetic device 8G. The electromagnetic device 86 consists of electromagnet S7 and its armature 8S which is provided with a front contact 89. The electromagnet S7 is connected in series with the series coil, the purpose of this construction being hereinafter described. The

elcctromagnets for producing the magnetic field for the purpose ot blowing the arc downward and outward are shown connected in shunt of the carbons. The electromagnctic devices 3l, ill for operating the feedingI mechanism arc shown in a local circuit which is controlled by the thermostatio dcvice 42. 'lhis local circuit contains a portion ol the coil ol" the elcclromagnets for blowingI the are downward. the size of this portion being detcrn'iined by the energy necessary to operate thc feeding electromagnets.

lVhen lamps such as thc subject of this invention are serially connected, the operation of the feeding mechanism depends not only upon the lamp itself. but is also liable to bc ai'l'ected by the action of any other lamp in the circuit. A single faulty lamp is thereiore capable of producing nnsteadiness in all the other lamps in the circuit. To overcome this diiiculty and to give cach lamp regulation independent o1c all the other lamps in the circuit, there is provided the shunt coil 53, the current through which is increased when the resistance in the series coil circuit is increased. The regulating coil 5S being wound differentially irom the series coil, an increase of the electromotivc torce in the shunt coil will canse a correspondingl reduction of the magnetic effect of the series coil upon the armature. Thus, when the resistance of the main circuit is increased by-rea son of the spreading of the carbone, whereby the electromotive force in the shunt coil is increased, the magnetic effect upon the armature will be reduced and the armature will be allowed to descend whereby the carbone are restored to their normal position. Thus the distance between the carbon tips may be kept constant and the arc would be of such size as would be determined by the proper adjustment of the cross piece upon the bar 55 and the adjustment of the links (32, G3 to their pivots G4, 65. It is evident that if the arc is lost entirely by reason of the spreading of the carbons, the entire current will pass through the shunt coil. This, however, would be undesirable because the armature would be immediately attracted and the carbon tips would be held apart so that the are could not be restablished. In order to overcome this diiiculty, I connect serially in the main circuit the electromagnet 87. It is evident that when the arc is lost by reason of the improper operation of the mechanical apparatus as hereinbefore stated, the electromagnet 87 will be denergized and the armature 88 will part contact with the contact point 89. Thus neither coil will be energized; and the carbone will be allowed to make contact at their lower ends by virtue of gravity whereby the arc will again be produced and current will pass through the series coil and the coil of the electromagnet 87 which will be immediately energized, thereby attracting` its armature S8 and bringing the shunt coil once more into circuit.

While flY have herein shown but one embodiment of my invention, it is evident that changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing vfrom the spirit and scope of my invention. l do not, therefore, wish to be limited to the precise construction herein shown.

l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

l. In a regulator for are lamps, the combination with a pair of pivoted tubes, of a sleeve within said tubes adapted to slide therein and to carry a carbon, a cam, a reciprocating` ratchet bar supported on the outside of each of said tubes, a spring tooth on said sleeve which is adapted to engage the teeth of said ratchet bar, bearings for said ratchet bar, said ratchet bar having slots for engaging said bearings to limit the motion of said ratchet bar, a cam follower with which said ratchet bar is connected, electromagnetic operating;` mechanism for said cam, a circuit therefor controlled by the are, a cross-piece adjustably secured to said rod, lugs extending from each of said tubes, and a link adjustably pivoted to each of said lugs and to said eross'piece.

ln a regulator for are lamps the combination with a pair of pivoted tubes of a sleeve for each of said tubes adapted to slide within the same and to support a carbon rod, a spring tooth upon said sleeve, a slid ing ratchet bar for each of said tubes adapted to engage said spring tooth through a slot in said tube, bearings for said ratchet bar, there being slots in said ratchet bar for engaging, said bearings to limit the motion of said bar, a cam follower pivoted to said ratchet bar. a cam for causing the movement of said cam follower and the consequent up and down movement of said ratchet bar, the downward movement causing a corresponding movement of the sliding sleeve, and electromagnetic step by step mechanism for causing' the operation of said cam.

3. In a regulator for arc lamps the combination with a pair of pivoted tubes of a sliding sleeve for each of said tubes, a spring tooth upon said sliding sleeve, a sliding ratchet bar mounted upon the outside of each of said tubes, the teeth of which are adapted to engage the tooth on said sliding sleeve upon the downward movement of said ratchet bar, a pivotcd arm for said ratchet bar, bearings on said tubes for said ratchet bar, said ratchet bar having slots adapted to engage said bearings to limit the motion of said bar, a cam wheel for causing the oscillation of said arm and the consequent up and down n'iovement of said ratchet bar, a ratchet wheel secured to said cam pivot and electromagnetic step by step mechanism to cause the revolution of said ratchet wheel.

4. 111 a regulator for are lamps the combination with a pair of pivoted tubes of a sliding sleeve for each of said tubes, a spring tooth upon said sliding sleeve, a sliding ratchet bar mounted upon the outside of each of said tubes, the teeth of which are adapted to engage the tooth on said sliding sleeve upon the downward movement of said ratchet bar, bearings on said tubes for said ratchet bar, said 'ratchet bar having slots adapted to engage said bearings to limit the motion of said bar, a pivoted arm for said ratchet bar, a cam wheel for causing the oscillation of said arm and the consequent up and down movement of said ratchet bar, a ratchet wheel secured to said cam pivot, electromagnetic step by step mechanism to cause the revolution of said ratchet Wheel and means for closing a circuit through said electromagnetic step by step mechanism whereby the same may be operated to cause the operation of the cam.

5. In a regulator for arc lamps the combination with a supporting tube, of a sleeve adapted to slide therein for supporting a carbon rod, a spring' tooth on said sleeve, a reciprocating ratchet bar mounted upon said tube, the teeth of which are adapted to be engaged by said spring tooth through a slot in said tube, bearings extending from said tube, said ratchet bar having slots adapted to engage said bearings to thereby limit the motion of said ratchet bar, a cam, a follower for said cam connected with said ratchet bar, and step by step mechanism wherel'ry said cam may be operated to cause reeiprocation of said ratchet bar.

ln witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 10th day of July A. D., 1906.

EDWARD O. DVVORAK.

litnesses :LEONARD W. NOVANDER, ARTHUR H. BoET'rcHER. 

